References

What are references?

References refer to sources, for example a reference to a book or an article on a particular subject. References are also known as citations and quotations. By means of a reference a publication can be easily retraced.

Compiling references

You can compile references in a number of ways. You can make your own reference to a book or an article you have used, you can copy ready-made references from the bibliography of a book or an article, or you can create references on the basis of bibliographical data you find in catalogues and databases.

Where can you find the information to use in your references?

  • in the reading lists you receive from your lecturer
  • in the bibliographies of books and articles
  • in the catalogue of the HvA Library or other catalogues, for example of other colleges and universities
  • in databases

Make sure you do not make any errors when copying this information. If the references contain errors, the reader will not be able to find the sources referred to.
Also see that your references are consistent in form. Always use the same sequence, for example:  

Malhotra, N.K. (2015). Essentials of marketing research: a hands-on orientation. Boston: Pearson Education.  

There is a convenient computer program allowing you to copy references quickly and without errors. See Nice to know: RefWorks.